Epidemiologic studies of immigrants urged.

Types of Epidemiologic Studies

[Epidemiologic study of skin diseases among immigrants in Alicante, Spain].

BACKGROUND The influx of a large number of immigrants has altered the sociodemographic profile in Spain. To date, few studies of the skin diseases of immigrants to Spain have been done. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of visits by immigrants to our dermatology clinic, to describe their skin complaints, and to compare them to those of the autochthonous Spanish population. PATIENTS AND M...

Methodological issues of confounding in analytical epidemiologic studies

Background: Confounding can be thought of as mixing the effect of exposure on the risk of disease with a third factor which distorts the measure of association such as risk ratio or odds ratio. This bias arises because of complex functional relationship of confounder with both exposure and disease (outcome). In this article, we provided a conceptual framework review of confounding issues in epi...

Discussion: Epidemiologic Studies

What is the distribution and population density of ticks transmitting the Lyme spirochete? Data on tick distribution are scarce. Ixodes dammini appears to be limited to sea-level ecosystems, whereas L pacificus populations are adequate up to 7,000 feet elevation. Three cases of Lyme disease had their exposure above 5,000 feet in the Sierras of northern California. The nymphal tick is very small...

Sample size estimation in epidemiologic studies

This review basically provided a conceptual framework for sample size calculation in epidemiologic studies with various designs and outcomes. The formula requirement of sample size was drawn based on statistical principles for both descriptive and comparative studies. The required sample size was estimated and presented graphically with different effect sizes and power of statistical test at 95...